Oral herpes, often called a cold sore, usually starts with tingling, itching, or burning around the lip. Small blisters can follow. They may sting, break, crust over, and then heal over several days.
For most people, the problem is not dangerous but it is annoying. The most useful thing is to recognize the first signs early and keep the area clean and untouched.
What causes it#
Oral herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus. Once the virus is in the body, it stays there in a resting state. Later, it can wake up again and cause a new blister outbreak.
Recurrences do not mean poor hygiene. Common triggers include colds, fever, stress, tiredness, sleep loss, and strong sun exposure.
How a cold sore usually develops#
The first feeling is often tingling or local burning before anything is visible. Then small blisters form. Over the next days they may break, dry out, and become a crust before the skin heals.
If the sore is inside the mouth rather than on the lip, the cause may be something else. A different diagnosis may need different self-care.
Early treatment and skin protection#
Antiviral creams are most useful when started at the first tingling or burning stage. Follow the package instructions and do not use them longer or more often than directed.
Once the blisters are visible, the focus shifts to protecting the skin. Keep the area clean, avoid picking at it, and let the crust stay in place. A small patch can help protect the sore from touching and drying.
How to reduce spread#
Cold sores spread most easily when the blisters are fresh and open. Avoid kissing and close contact around the mouth during the outbreak. Do not share lip balm, towels, cups, cutlery, or makeup used around the lips.
Wash your hands after touching the area or applying cream. Be especially careful around the eyes, since herpes in the eye area needs prompt attention.
When to seek care#
Seek care if you suspect herpes in the eye, if the eye becomes red or painful, or if light sensitivity or vision changes appear. Seek care also if the sores spread widely, the pain is strong, the general condition worsens, or you have a significant immune problem. A baby with blisters around the mouth or fever should be assessed more readily.
Further reading and sources#
Further reading: